Lab Report for Atwoods Machine Essay Example

Lab Report for Atwoods Machine Essay Atwood’s Machine Abstract: Ideally, Atwood’s Machine consists of two masses, connected by a massless inelastic string threaded over a frictionless pulley. In this experiment, the dependence of the acceleration on the two masses was investigated. Introduction Atwood’s Machine is represented schematically to the left. Upon inspection, Newton’s Second Law for the system can be derived: For m1: (1) For m2: (2) Solving the (1) for N, followed by substitution into (2), yields the following equation: Rearranging terms and solving for a: (3) By using the photogate and the LoggerPro software, the acceleration of the system may be determined, as well as the dependence on the masses. Procedure A series of masses were placed on either side of the pulley, released from rest and allowed to accelerate a distance of at least 40 cm. The velocity of the system was plotted vs. time, the acceleration determined from the slope of the least-squares line. Initially, the total mass in the system was kept constant, beginning with 200 grams on each side. After each trial, 20 grams from one side was transferred to the other. For the second part of the experiment, the difference between the two masses was kept at a constant 20 grams, adding an equal amount of mass to each side. Apparatus Necessary Equipment: Windows PC, LabPro Interface, Logger Pro software, Vernier Photogate, Super Pulley, mass set, string. All materials provided by the Bemidji State University Department of Physics. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report for Atwoods Machine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report for Atwoods Machine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report for Atwoods Machine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Analysis As can be seen from the chart to the left, the acceleration is proportional to the difference between the two masses, as predicted from equation (3). Also shown on the chart is the predicted acceleration, calculated from (3); note that they are both proportional, and differ only a constant. Part I| | | Part II| | | a, calc, m/s2| a, exp, m/s2| % Diff| a, calc, m/s2| a, exp, m/s2| % Diff| 0| 0| n/a| 0. 892| 0. 821| 8. 0| 0. 245| 0. 196| 20. 1| 0. 755| 0. 695| 7. 9| 0. 491| 0. 434| 11. 6| 0. 54| 0. 601| 8. 1| 0. 736| 0. 672| 8. 6| 0. 577| 0. 523| 9. 4| 0. 981| 0. 912| 7. 0| 0. 516| 0. 464| 10. 2| For the second part of the experiment, the difference between the two masses was kept constant. As can be seen from the chart to the left, the acceleration is inversely proportional to the total mass of the system, resulting in a hyperbolic curve. This trend was also predicted by equation (3); note, once again, that the calculated acceleration and the experimental value differ by only a constant. Discussion In both sections of the experiment, the curve generated by plotting the aexp against the mass (either the difference or total) differed from the calculated acceleration by a constant value. This value represents the value of gravity at the elevation and latitude of University and any inaccuracies introduced by the ‘massless’ string and ‘frictionless’ pulley. Schematic representation of the Atwood’s Machine: Atwood machine. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 24 Sep 2009, 13:18 UTC. 24 Sep 2009 .

Close Reading Analysis of Last Of His Kind Essays - Free Essays

Close Reading Analysis of Last Of His Kind Essays - Free Essays Close Reading Analysis of Last Of His Kind The 33rd President of the United States of America, Harry S. Truman, had over ten biographies published about him, each one being different from one another. This book is especially unique due to its style, easy reading, and simple sentence structure. The tone of the book Last of His Kind, by Charles Robbins, is best described as informative and effusive, in other words the book is very outgoing by often giving "fun facts" and a great deal of insight. There is also some juggling of conversation between Harry, his friends, and the author. This "juggling" helps to give the book its own distinct style and also keeps the reader focused. The authors view towards Truman was very admiring. The style is informal for conversations due to the use of jargon like "I put up a whirlwind membership campaign for the Kansas city Automobile Club and made a good living at it." This suggests that Truman is being involved in automobiles and often gives a little insight. Also, it often seems as though Harry is speaking to the reader directly. Slang is also a big part of conversation mostly because of the authors attempts of making the conversations appear more life-like by giving the people the southern accent that they had. Slang sayings like "you were late and you caught the devil" are also often used, throughout the whole book. Other slang words like "Bum," and "gimpy" are also being used. The formality and informality fluctuates between the author and Harry. When Harry is speaking the style is informal but when the author is speaking the style switches to high formal. The sentence structure is basically simple and conversation-like when Truman or his family/friends are speaking but changes to compound and sometimes complex when the author is speaking. A good example would be "[s]o I came to the United states senate and went to work (notice the simple words) Beyond pointing out that both his opponents had not been above seeking Pendergasts help." Notice the change of style between Trumans sentence and the authors. Figurative language like metaphors and similes are only used in conversations. Most sentences are clear, organized and parallel. They are also very specific when referring to certain actions in the past that will affect the future. The sentences are mainly short thought they sometimes tend to run on. (nobody is perfect) The diction, often formal when the author speaks, tends to push towards formal due to the choice of elegant words used, but when Truman speaks, it tends to be informal and neutral. Denotation and connotation, even though its hardly used, it is used when Truman speaks about his wife, Bess, and daughter, Margaret. The syntax maintains an active voice throughout the whole book and only is passive in a few small spots. The sentences are loose in some parts and become periodic in other parts; it mostly depends on what is going on. A good place to find periodic sentences is around the atomic bomb, and the firing of Gen. MacArthur. Parallel structure is maintained throughout the book and is sometimes not parallel when Truman speak. The syntax is generally simple and only slightly becomes complex when the author speaks. Simple syntax, a peaceful tone, and great insight on Harry S. Truman all contribute to the style of the book making it unique and captivating. The mixture of first and third person point of view combined with all the other good aspects of this book make it not only interesting but also bring it one step closer to grammatical perfection.

Developing a Strategy for Sustainable Relationship Case Study

Developing a Strategy for Sustainable Relationship - Case Study Example Because it enjoyed a wide client profile, Merryweather had no problem filling its accommodations to capacity, especially since summer is a naturally busy time for vacation sites. With more income-generating opportunities available, the company tended to maintain a relatively large staff base, assigning each guest relations officer a maximum of eight clients at a time. As a result, visitors were provided high-quality, personalized service. The firm promoted a culture of innovation among employees to reinforce its "customer is king" orientation. As such, its marketing-led business style and acute sense of customer service were, perhaps, Merryweather's most important contribution to the merger. Tennyson Ski maintained a diverse mix of properties - from chalets and apartments to hotels - to serve the winter vacation industry. Because this is a mass market, it might have entailed high operating costs. Furthermore, the facilities were not full-staffed; one representative attended to as many as 30 guests. Therefore, clients did not experience the level of indulgence that they might expect from luxury accommodations. According to Pate and Platt (2002), "a merger can only benefit a weak business if operating efficiencies, product synergies, or other marketing, financial, or managerial advantages are achieved". While not necessarily a "weak" company, Tennyson Ski certainly had more to gain from the merger. Meanwhile, Merryweather Sailing "should move cautiouslyconduct thorough due diligence investigations, and formulate realistic business plans for the combined organization" (Pate & Platt, 2002). Tennyson Ltd. thought it best to move forward by (1) developing a new strategy (2) discarding products and services that no longer fit the new business. This was no mean task; the two companies had been targeting two completely different segments, albeit in the same general category. Tennyson Ltd. started by adopting Merryweather Sailing's mission: "To be the best tour operator to go on holiday with and invest in." There were other critical issues. The new conglomerate needed to set a direction for growth and identify the different lines of business that would best match the strategy. Also, Merryweather catered to a specialist market, while Tennyson used a shotgun approach in its marketing. Post-merger, the company had to settle on a viable segmentation strategy, which would then guide the company in resource allocation decisions. With the merger, who then would be the customer of Tennyson Ltd. This was not a simple either-or decision between the two market segments; it required careful consideration. Need for Rationalization To be able to move forward with a new strategy - and emerge with a

Marketing - Real-World Write-ups Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing - Real-World Write-ups - Article Example 8). One of the crucial factors that should be considered in the development process is PRODUCT RESEARCH. Mansfield (2011) advised â€Å"does careful product research so you know exactly what your customers want† (par. 10). Other subsequent phases in the development process entails development of a customer list and implementing policies of regular customer contact, of which â€Å"E-MAIL MARKETING is one of the most devastatingly effective methods of keeping existing customers â€Å"in the loop† and warm for your future marketing efforts† (par. 15). The article discussed SURVEYS as effective methods to solicit customer information regarding the new product the organization envision launching. The experience of American Idol in launching singers and marketing them, soliciting feedback through diverse media have proven to be a successful marketing effort that generated millions of viewers all over the world. Definition of Terms E-MAIL MARKETING utilizes the World Wi de Web through the internet to market products and services. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT is the â€Å"creation of products with new or different characteristics that offer new or additional benefits to the customer† (Business Dictionary, 2011, par.

The Historical Development Of The Juvenile Essay Example for Free

The Historical Development Of The Juvenile Essay The Juvenile Justice System was a creation of the Progressive Era reformist. Prior to this time there was little consideration for children as needing or deserving different treatment than adults. To tell the truth there was relatively no separation of adults and children up to this point in time. In retrospect it could be said that the creation of a separate stage in the life of growing people led to the creation of a separate justice system. So the creation of adolescence and its separation from the rest of society also gave rise to the Juvenile Justice System. This section of the paper looks into this development. As late as the eighteenth century children regularly participated in activities that would now be considered adult in nature (Empey, 1976). This included but was not limited to engaging in sexual activity at an early age, learning and using obscene language, drinking alcohol in taverns if not at home, working and learning trades and fighting in wars (Empey, 1976). In the United States there was little difference than the rest of western society. Colonial reformist saw deviant behavior as something to be concerned about but it was considered a critical social problem or a breakdown in the social organization (Empey, 1976). Basically they saw humans as inherently weak and drew a parallel between sin and crime and they treated either equally with the same harsh, usually public, punishments. But with the newly won freedom of the United States came a new perspective on things. With peoples freedoms being based on the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, which had their foundations in the Enlightenment Eras philosophies, there came many changes in the way people saw things (Empey, 1976). People were no longer seen as inherently evil or preordained to a certain life path. Deviance was no longer equated with sin; it was due to a flaw in upbringing or other social problem. With these new philosophies dominating society there came a pressing need to most to change and revise the criminal codes of the past and also the reduction in punishment for a majority of less serious crimes. But even this did not create a separation of youths and adults in society or in the criminal justice system. That did not occur until the early nineteenth century when Progressive Era reformist were pushing for a  serious of programs aimed at helping the youth of society (Empey, 1976). Among these programs were child labor laws, mandatory schooling, kindergarten programs and increased intervention and rehabilitation for the wayward youth of society (National†¦, 2001). The backlash of several of these programs, whether intentional or not, was the stratification of our society by age. It is this stratification that latter allowed for the complete separation of youth from the rest of society during adolescence. It also led to the creation of Houses of Refuge and Orphan Asylums in most major cities. In fact by 1825 these institutions for juvenile offenders and other lost youth were common in most populous cities and states (Empey, 1976). It was the purpose of these institutions to act as a substitute for family and community but as is usually the case they soon became overcrowded and became nothing more than warehouses for these youths. By the end of the nineteenth century reformers felt even more effort was needed to solve the problem and more legality was sought to back their actions. They pushed for more power to interfere in troubled youths lives, they saw no need to wait until the child committed an offense before giving them guidance, and these powers were granted. Now a child could be pulled from any situation in which it was felt they were being corrupted or adequate attention and structure were being provided. These new powers and the increased emphasis of the reformist for a separate system for children gave rise to the Juvenile Justice System. In 1899 the Illinois Juvenile Court Act gave birth to the first juvenile court in Chicago (National, 2001). By 1925 a functioning juvenile court existed in every state in the U.S. except Wyoming and Maine (Schlossman, 1983). Empey, LeMar T.; The Social Construction of Childhood, Delinquecny and Social Reform in _The Juvenile Justice System,_ Vol. 5, Pp. 27-51, Malcolm Klein ed., Sage Publications, 1976. National Research Council and Institute of Medicine: _Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice_. Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control. Joan McCord, Cathy Spatz Widom and Nancy A. Crowell, eds. Committee on Law Justice and Board on Children, Youth and Families. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001 Schlossman, Steven; Juvenile Justice: History and Philosophy in _Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice,_ Vol. 3, Pp. 961-969, S. Kadish ed. New York: Free press, 1983

Jet Engines :: physics jet jets engine engines

The Basics A jet engine can be divided into several distinct sections: intake, compressor, diffuser, combustion chamber, turbine, and exhaust. These sections are much like the different cycles in a four-stroke reciprocating engine: intake, compression, power and exhaust. In a four-stroke engine a fuel/air mixture is is brought into the engine (intake), compressed (compression), and finally ignited and pushed out the exhaust (power and exhaust). In it's most basic form, a jet engine works in much the same way. * Air comes in the front of the engine where it enters the compressor. The air is compressed by a series of small spinning blades aptly named compressor blades and leaves at a high pressure. The pressure ratio between the beginning and end of the compressor can be as much as 48:1, but almost always 12:1 or more. * The air now enters the diffuser, which is nothing more than an area where the air can expand and lower it's velocity, thus increasing its pressure a little bit more. * The high pressure air at the end of the diffuser now enters the combustion chamber where it is mixed with fuel, ignited and burned. * When the fuel/air mixture burns, the temperature increases (obviously) which makes the air expand. * This expanding gas drives a set of turbine blades located aft of the combustion chamber. At least some of these turbine blades are connected by a shaft to the compressor blades to drive them. Depending on the type of engine, there may be another set of turbine blades used to drive another shaft to do other things, such as turn a propeller or generator. * The left over energy not extracted by the turbine blades is pushed out the back of the engine (exhaust section) and creates thrust, usually used to drive an airplane forward. The types of jet engines include: * Turbojet * Turbofan * Turboprop * Turbo shaft Turbojet The turbojet is the simplest of them all, it is just as described in "The basics" section. This style was the first type of jet engine to be used in aircraft. It is a pretty primitive style used mostly in early military jet fighters such as the F-86.

Personality Theories Essay

Individuality is expressed through unique behavior, also known as personality. Personality can be broken down into four perspectives, psychoanalytic, humanistic, social cognitive, and trait. Each perspective describes in detail what helps compare and contrast individuals to one another. Personality theories go into further detail from the perspective. Assessing personality has been around from years, yet it is still questioned whether it is reliable. Psychoanalytic perspective describes the how the unconscious mind helps mold personality. According to Sigmund Freud, this perspective thrives from early childhood experiences. Psychoanalytic perspective is beyond one’s control, because it derives from unspoken, unknown, and out of reach aspects of one’s life. For example, if a teacher calls on a student, but instead of saying the students name she calls her own child’s name. Freud would argue that the mother unconscious mind made her say her own child’s name instead of the student’s. Maybe she was supposed to tell her child something or do something for that child. Michael, a 36 year old man, has a habit of chewing on pencils. Michael’s father died when he was three years old, unbeknownst to him, his father had the same habit. Michael most likely picked up the habit from his father. Humanistic perspective is when an individual has positive growth through self-awareness or free will. Humanist ic theorist, tend to focus on the subjects positive aspects and what motivates them, whether than looking solely on abnormal behaviors. Through humanistic perspective individuals are motivated to achieve a greater good. Social cognitive perspective is the opposite of psychoanalytical perspective, by being influenced through conscious thought. With social cognitive, particular feelings or thoughts alter how a person reacts to certain situations. Karen works for a company where the Vice President, is less than personable. Whenever Karen is called to the Vice President’s office, she begins to feel worried. She does not make eye contact and she speaks faintly  when in the presence of the Vice President. On the other hand, the President of the company is a people-person. Every morning before he goes to his own office he speaks to everyone. When Karen is called to his office she laughs and jokes, and makes eye contact while engaging into conversation. These two examples show how Karen’s feelings towards the two managers decipher how she reacts to them. Trait perspective, involves describing one’s ind ividual attributes that make up their personality. For example Hector is kind, funny, frugal, yet loud. These are all traits that describe Hector’s personality. Theorist Cattell’s focused on sixteen different traits that he believed should be used to indentify an individual’s personality. Freud’s psychosexual theory, Jung’s archetypes, and Horney’s womb envy are three theories that have shaped our understanding of personality are. Freud, of course is the grandfather of psychology, especially personality theorizing. His psychosexual theory is broken down into five stages of development; oral, anal, phallic; latency, and genital stage. According to Freud, an individual develops personality during each psychosexual stage. The personality begins from birth and the oral stage, where pleasure or fixation from oral simulation. Anal fixation is during a child’s toilet training stage, here is where a child learns control. The phallic stage is genital focused pleasure. This stage is where most children discover their genitals. Latency stage is where same-sex friendships develop and children mold identity. The final stage, genital is during puberty. In this stage sexuality is abundant. Freud felt that each stage had importance for healthy development. If an individual spent too much time in a specific stage, it could affect him/her later in life. While Freud focused primarily on the unconscious mind, Carl Jung believed that individuals consciously motivated themselves. Any unconscious activities – instincts – are called archetypes. These archetypes developed universally through hereditary, surroundings, past memories, etc. Freud, mainly studied men, many may argue that his beliefs for women were inaccurate. One of the widely known individuals that questioned his understanding was Karen Horney. Freud believed that females developed penis envy during childhood, in which they wished they had a penises and form resentment towards their mothers. Horney resented Freud’s belief of penis envy by focusing on womb envy. This theory focuses on males  feeling inferiority at times because women can bear children. Assessing personality may seem like a difficult task, yet there are two main categories used: projective testing and self-report inventories. Projective tests are good when trying to determine an individual’s current mindset. Many have argued that the testing is not controlled enough to produce accurate responses. The Inkblot Test and Thematic Apperception Test are two of the commonly known projective assessments. They both are used today, yet for more of a counseling technique. Self-report inventories are questionnaire-like test that allow the participant to select the best answer that pertains to them. The answers are then compared to standardized answers. Assessments benefit theorist because it allows them to easily evaluate subjects. Many question whether they can be considered an accurate depiction of personality, participants can easily falsify responses or the assessors could misinterpret them. Personality is what makes everyone unique. What motivates us to respond cert ain ways, or even if we are motivated altogether has been studied by many. Theorist ranged from believing that personality is predetermined either at birth or during infancy to personality being something that is formed throughout one’s life. Regardless on when it is developed it is easy to say personality is the core of one’s being? References Cherry, K. (n.d.). Karen Horney Biography. Psychology – Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts. Retrieved July 16, 2013, from http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_karenhorney.htm Cherry, K. (n.d.). Major Personality Perspectives. Psychology – Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts. Retrieved July 16, 2013, from http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/personality-perspectives.htm Hockenbury, D. H., & Hockenbury, S. E. (2014). Discovering psychology (Sixth ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.