Essay on The Pros and Cons of the Internet - 795 Words

Positive and Negative Aspects of the Internet The new age of technology was born late last century in the form of the silicone chip. Since this early invention computers have progressed in leaps and bounds from the very basic early models to the now very complicated and very powerful computers of today. In between this growth the Internet developed into a mega market where billions of dollars are traded daily. It is a place where you can pretty much buy and sell anything you can think of. But with the development of such a powerful tool there are always going to be problems such as pornography, hackers, dodgy chat rooms and authenticity of information. But like with any argument you have to weigh up the good with the bad, the†¦show more content†¦These programs are regularly up dated barring more and more inappropriate pages as the net is constantly growing. A major threat that nearly everyone who goes on the internet faces is the attack of hackers who can pretty much strike anyone at any time inflicting major damage and loss of money. These hackers are able to gain your confidential information using special hacking tools, this means they can get your credit card number that you gave out when doing online shopping and use it much to there benefit. These people are also able to create viruses that have the sole purpose of destroying and damaging your computer software. The â€Å"I love you† e-mail that was circulating the web recently is a good example of what people are capable of. Many people now days us chat rooms and the like to make new friends and meet different people. This in turn can create problems as there is a danger of meeting weird people who may want to harm you. They can make themselves seem to be different from the person they really are, this can be a real danger if someone decides to meet a stranger they met on the net as he or she may turn out to be someone you really do not like. Yet they could become obsessed with you which would result in a lot of fear and possibly worse. But on the other hand it can be a very good way of forming new friendships or relationships with other businesses that are on the other side of the world Although there are many threats to take into considerationShow MoreRelatedThe Internet : The Pros And Cons Of The Internet786 Words   |  4 Pagesboth pros and cons when there is a discussion about the internet. We can learn so much of what we can read on the internet. Which is great news considering most of us are using the internet. To prove my point we visit page 116 in the book The Shallows, the book supports our solution. Nicholas G. Carr discusses all about the internet in our generation and how we use it. He talks about the internet being beneficial for us to attain useful knowledge. He also discusses the cons of the internet in ourRead MorePros and Cons of the Internet2810 Words   |  12 PagesMinistry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kazakh British Technical University English Language Department RESEARCH PAPER Pros and cons of the Internet HUM 317 Spring 2008 Advisor: Balia Jalgasbaevna Jolamanova Done by Tikhonenko Christina Temirbekova Kamila Nadyrova Farida Supiyeva Nargiza Sagiyev Yerkebulan Group Friday 13:00 Almaty 2008 Acknowledgements We thank all people who helped us in this work, especially BaliyaRead MoreCons and Pros of Internet16245 Words   |  65 PagesAccounting and Business Research, International Accounting Policy Forum. pp. 5-27. 2006 5 International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors Ray Ball* Abstract—Accounting in shaped by economic and political forces. It follows that increased worldwide integration of both markets and politics (driven by reductions in communications and information processing costs) makes increased integration of financial reporting standards and practice almost inevitable. But mostRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of the Internet1897 Words   |  8 Pages The internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world’s businesses, institutions, and individuals. It allows millions of people throughout the world to send and receive messages to each other, share information, and play games (Naughton 4). It was initially designed to aid the government and help people expand academically, but it is now becoming more commercialized and used in ways that it was not made for. The thought of the internet was first introduced in 1960 when theRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Internet Privacy1309 Words   |  6 PagesNow, the Internet is not only a way people access information, but also the net that connects them. People use it to communicate with friends and family, keep current events and shop online. The using of Internet sometimes involves personal data, triggers fraud and abuse. These are the reason people have laws to protect themselves. People now much more cherish their privacy, so the government takes the responsibility of establishing the Internet privacy law and develop them. However, the legislativeRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Internet1258 Words   |  6 PagesInternet has become new service for helping most of the time but, there are certain occasions where it becomes a nuisance The internet has become a very popular tool at the hand of every one who is a computer literate person of course, used mostly to get information, shop online and download files, music and so on. But while surfing the internet for appropriate or specific information, we often end up wasting time with unwanted jargons and reacting to scam. We shall discuss deeper into theseRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Internet Censorship1042 Words   |  5 Pagescomes in many forms and for a lot of different reasons but when it comes to the internet, for the most part it is beneficial. It can provide security for sensitive material. The things that minors are exposed to can be limited. Also you can make sure that it is not used to cause chaos. Furthermore it would seem to be a beneficial part of online life. It can provide security for important documents and conversations. Internet censorship can help with cyber security when important information or secretsRead MorePros and Cons of the Internet Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Internet is more popular today than it was years ago. As technology advances, the use of the Internet grows yonder and is an amazing addition in our lives. The Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of humanity. It is a global meeting place where people from all parts of the world can collaborate. Additionally, it is a service available on the computer, through which anyone who has access to the Internet can receive. The InternetRead More The Pros and Cons of Internet Chat Rooms Essays834 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Internet Chat Rooms Computers have affected our lives in so many ways. To the way we finance things, to the way we find our future significant other. The outcomes of computers probably happen with in the last five years, give or take some. It had made people become in love with being in a virtual world and new people. That now in â€Å"real† life the people do not know how to act around not virtual people. In this report I plan to take a look at the pros and cons of meeting/talkingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Internet Has Changed The World1785 Words   |  8 Pages CHow the Internet Has Changed the World The internet and technology has changed the world and how we live in many ways. It has changed our daily lives and everything about how we share information. Some people may argue whether the cons outweigh the pros of the internet, but overall it has brought so much more advantages and opportunities for us humans. The internet has changed the world for the better because it has allowed research to be found at the click of a button, helped connect people worldwide

The Dissimilarity Between Working Mother And Stay Home Mother

Sang Min Yue Professor Dr. Rosalyn Jacobs ENGL 1102 24, April 2016 â€Å"The Dissimilarity between Working Mother and stay home Mother† During the early years of the 1900’s most women were not allowed to work, they also did not have any rights to vote. All the women during these times could only stay inside the house and take care of the familial duties and chores. Women were primarily cooking meals, cleaning inside the house, and also taking care of their own child. On the other hand, most of the men were kings in the household who were in charge as they are the main source of income for making money. Most of the kids growing up during this time period ensured to consume a strong family background because the marriage was everlasting one. Back in the day, the maximum of divorce rates was very low compared to a present day, as of now, but how is that the divorce rates are high in the present today? That is because of the authorization in the 19th Amendment which were giving women right to vote, as they became more self-governing (Harr is). Women did not just want to cook, and clean working as a house wife at home any longer, but however women desired to have a job outside just like their husband earning all the money and have a nice working life. They wanted to challenge themselves as they wish to follow their husbands footsteps, to prove that women can also do just like how the men does. Even though how women began to work and women equal rights movement have beenShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Inequality And Gender Inequality1678 Words   |  7 Pagessalaries increasing at a much slower speed than before and in 2014 women who had full-time employment in the United States in general remained around 79 percent of whatever a male individual was compensated, making a gap of 21 percent in pay gap just between gender. (By the Numbers) The Pay Gap Gender pay gap which is defined as the pay difference in men and women’s average incomes, typically described as either the earnings ratio among men and women and could be called the real pay gap. For instanceRead MoreBreaking The Mold : A Feminine Perspective1265 Words   |  6 Pagesto pursue Ms. Yeobright. To continue, many little problems occur between all the couples but, Clym Yeobright (Thomasin cousin) returns to Egdon Heath after working in Paris. Clym eventually marries Ms. Vye after she discovers the marriage of Wildeve and Ms. Yeobright had proceeded. In Hardy’s novel, The Return of The Native, the imaginative city of Wessex is critiqued with a female perspective in class, marriage, and language between both sexes. Before continuing, one must understand feminist criticismRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The Cult Of True Womanhood1666 Words   |  7 Pageswere made. During the American Revolution, women were responsible for in-home production that aided the war effort, using their production as a means to contribute publically. As America transitioned from this period into the period of the Industrial Revolution, these widened roles became more restrictive, women were no longer producers, they were consumers, and it was not a common practice for women to work outside of the home. This generated an opportunity for women to challenge newly forming genderRead MoreThematic Analysis Of Bless Me, Ultima1580 Words   |  7 Pagesand opinions that expresses an individual s personality. In Rudolfo Anaya’s bildungsroman, Bless Me, Ultima, the struggle between two families and their extreme differences cause numerous conflicts that are constantly present throughout his novel. In this ch icano inspired novel, Antonio Marà ©z, the six year old protagonist, is perpetually faced with instances of dissimilarity throughout his life that often make it a challenge to stand out instead of fitting in with the rest of the crowd. When AnayaRead MoreWhat It Means to Be Defined as Female in the 21st Century1803 Words   |  7 Pagesthe amount of roles she took on in the household whether it was cooking, cleaning, or simply caring for the children. On the other hand, society had associated men with fewer jobs in the home and more in the workforce. Granting those typecasts have improved over the years, there still remains an imbalanced gap between women and men that needs to be filled. The responsibilities of women and men in the 21st century refer to women taking over more â€Å"masculine† roles and challenging the role of femininityRead MoreTo What Extent Were Hitler and Stalin Similar?1405 Words   |  6 Pagesalthough he incorporated fear into his tactics of leadersh ip, like Hitler did, his actual claim of control over Russia was visibly dissimilar. Hitler’s early adulthood was difficult, after leaving his school in Vienna he was devastated by the loss of his mother to cancer. Shortly after which he was struck by another heavy blow, as he was rejected from art school and forced to give up his dream of becoming an artist. He was now very poor and living in a doss house with the homeless, it was at this time manyRead MoreWomen And Gender During 20th Century America3566 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction At different times all through history, working ladies were seen as shameless and unfeminine objects of compassion. A few pundits blamed working ladies for being careless moms. Regularly, ladies representatives were not considered important by their supervisors, partners, or society. Having a vocation postured difficulties for ladies because of their family obligations. Ladies were required to perform obligations as wife and mother, notwithstanding satisfying their expert obligationsRead MoreAdolescent Development And Development Of Today s Adolescents2986 Words   |  12 Pageseventually becomes starting with the onset of puberty and formation of career interests. Adolescence is typically split into three areas, early adolescence from the ages 12 to14, middle adolescence from the ages 15 to 16, and late adolescence that occurs between the ages of 17 to 19. Every stage plays a unique role in an individual’s development that marks various development milestones throughout the process of adolescence. Early Adolescence First of all, early adolescence is marked by the transition fromRead MorePoverty And Minimum Wage Is Low4438 Words   |  18 Pagescollege he/she need more than just a minimum wage job. We are poverty level because of our wages is entirely to below average, overwhelmingly, high-wage states are all for workforce being highly educated. There is such a strong and accurate link between educational achievements of the workforce in the state and median wages in the state. Any state can increase the strength of its economics and its ability to grow as well as attract employers that are high-wage by increasing the sum of workers thatRead MoreBenefits Of The Wage Separation2811 Words   |  12 PagesWage separation exists when specialists are just as qualified and perform the same work however one gathering of laborers is paid more than an alternate. Truly, wage segregation has favored men over likewise qualified ladies. Salary uniqueness between sexes originates from courses of action that focus the nature of occupations and income connected with employments. Profit connected with occupations will result in wage imbalance to take structure in the situation of people into specific employments

Corporate Volkswagen Emission Scandal

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Volkswagen Emission Scandal. Answer: Introduction: In September 2015, Volkswagen was alleged by the Environmental Protection Agency of eluding US emission tests. It was observed by EPA that the company had intentionally organized TDI (Turbocharged Direct Injection) diesel engines, in order to initiate specific emission tests only during emissions examination in laboratories. The company had provisioned around 4.8 billion for cost replenishment that was needed to recall automobiles with cheat devices in millions. Ultimately, the company encountered a loss of 2.5bn in October 2015. Furthermore, as the company utilized the defeat device on its four-lakh vehicles to cheat emission tests, EPA also imposed a huge penalty of $37500 per vehicle for contravention of regulations (Spence, 2015). This led to the decline of the companys stock by 20%, together with the resignation of the companys CEO. As a result of the scandal, VW became the soft target of the regulators in various countries. The stock price plunged more than 1/3rd as the company has to announce a quarterly loss of 2.5 billion. The negative influences surpassed the very thinking. The awareness of the scandal raised strong concerns over pollution being emitted from the cars and questioned the ethical validity. Ethical issues The scandal of Volkswagen can be evaluated as a business ethics case and can be said to be a deception or an issue in terms of sustainability. It is even a case of leadership, corporate governance, culture, etc. Specifically, it is an issue of CSR because the social responsibility of the company that comprises of customer and public, regulators manipulation, the responsibility of the environment like pollution, standards of emission and economic responsibility like fall in the price value, fall in the value of stocks, etc (Jonsson et. al, 2009). The first ethical issue arising from the Volkswagen case is not only the disregard of EPA laws and regulations but also the invention of a device to get rid of them effectively. Furthermore, the company did not take proper steps to control the massive amounts of nitrogen oxides that were emitted by its vehicles into the environment (Nelson, 2016). Furthermore, this intentional scandal surely goes against their own values of establishing a gre ener vehicle. Last, but not the least, the major stakeholders of the company was also badly affected due to such scandal. These include shareholders, employees, management, car owners, and the diesel industry as a whole (Suddaby Greenwood, 2005). These issues clearly suggest that Volkswagen contravened the principles of ethics, which was initially approved by the company itself. However, it failed to do so, thereby disrupting the smooth performance within the company by attracting penal provisions and terminating employer-employee relationship as a whole (Volkswagen, 2015). Norms, Principles, and Values There are various norms, principles, and values relevant to the scandal. Firstly is justice wherein the company cheated the consumers because they paid a premium for vehicles, which let out fewer emissions. However, it turned out to be the opposite as emissions were 40 times more. Secondly is the responsibility factor, which states that despite owing a significant responsibility towards the society and the environment, the company did not take due steps to fulfill its duties (Das, 2013). Thirdly is the autonomy factor wherein the manufacturers of the device were incapable to make self-ethical decisions due to extreme pressures from the management. Last is beneficence wherein the company only gave due priority to itself and did not offer help or advantage to its consumers (Klinger, 2016). Stakeholders and their concerns Many stakeholders like customers, partners, society, and the capital market were negatively influenced by the Volkswagen scandal. The consumers were betrayed because of the tarnished brand image of the company that turned out to be a major scam. The immediate impacts of the scandal could be easily observable when the company shares depreciated by one-third (Freeman Harrison, 2010). Hence, in relation to investors and shareholders, this was a key setback for them because they had asserted extreme trust, huge funds, and hopes into the company, thereby making way for the loss of confidence and sentiments of these stakeholders (Fracarolli Lee, 2016). In addition, stakeholders like employees, suppliers, and business partners of the company significantly give priority to health, income, customer satisfaction, and unprejudiced opportunities (Ballou et. al, 2006). Even these concerns were influenced because of the uncertainty regarding the companys performance. The concerns of society that includes municipal authorities, law framers etc have also been observed to concur in terms of climate, environment safeguarding, and vehicle safety (Klinger, 2016). Thus, the concerns of all these stakeholders have been highly put at stake by the scandal. Reason behind the scandal According to various studies, when the company promised public of a new diesel line car that is fuel efficient, green, and would offer better performance, it had little knowledge of what will happen in the future (DeVilliers Van, 2011). It invested billions of euros to develop such a technology that would outperform other competitors, but sooner it started facing various difficulties. Along the path, delays started happening in the development of such technology and the downstream leaders were terrified of mentioning issues about the project to their bosses (Fracarolli Lee, 2016). Hence, the engineers were left with no option than to develop a program that could just falsely pass the test for regulatory certification. However, this implies that the cars were neither in compliance with the law nor it delivered performance that was marketed by the company. This states that the senior leaders must have developed a sense of fear that paved way for such a disaster. Hence, accounting issues like imposition of fine up to $18 billion on the company, 2.5billion loss due to the scandal that led to the decline in the company shares by 20%, decline meant of goodwill and trust leading towards destruction of brand image, and strength and sales as a whole, etc had to be encountered by the company. It does not matter whether it was intentional or unintentional because corporate ethics is very vital for effective results (Balbir, 2016). CSR (Corporate Sustainability Reporting) The VW scandal highlights various portions of the advantages of CSR reporting. It suggests that CSR may be very significant and improving for the companies. As per the CSR reports since 1990, it has been observed that companies have been more transparent in relation to human rights, environmental practices, and impacts. However, Volkswagen had failed to adopt such reporting, thereby leading towards various difficulties. The depreciation of the companys shares clearly highlights the significance of CSR reporting by depicting the dangers of lying about social attributes (Nzuve, 2011). Therefore, the company must accept its responsibility for which it was liable and reporting is its primary duty, even it is not compulsory (Elson et. al, 2015). Had it reported about its activities through CSR, the scenario would have been different. Therefore, it can be concluded that sustainability reporting must be regulated in the future, taking into account the recent corporate scandals. The Volkswagen scandal sheds light that both voluntary CSR measures and government regulations will be inefficient if the corporate managers do not establish significant assumptions about ethical conduct. As the government authorities cannot possess control over the companies behavior at all times, CSR reporting can distil that confidence that can encourage the public in relation to law compliance and broader social anticipations (Janssen, 2013). Hence, the entire idea of CSR must be enhanced, not disregarded. Both the directors report and declaration are essential documents incorporated in the annual report of a company. On one hand, the directors report provides relevant information about the condition of the company, together with its compliance with a set of CSR (corporate social responsibility), financial, and accounting standards, and on the other hand, the directors declaration offers the opinion of the directors regarding assured compliance under Corporations Regulations, Accounting Standards, and other consensus viewpoints of the Group. Directors report is relevant as it assists shareholders in making informed decisions in future. They can find out whether the company possesses adequate resources and whether it can make ways for further expansion in future. In addition, as directors declaration is signed in accordance with their resolution, they are obligated to ensure that the companys records are accurate and adequate through the introduction of proper accounting policies and co ntrols. Therefore, it is required as it establishes confidence in the minds of public that sound policies and processes are utilized within the company. The universal accounting equation if followed by Virgin Australia Group. The assets of the business are the resources of the company and are generated from two main sources. In short assets = liabilities plus the equity of the owners. Owner equity comprises of revenues, gains, and contributions minus the expenses, losses and withdrawals. KPMG audit the financial statements of the company. It issued an opinion that the companys financial statements were in accordance with the Corporations Act, 2001 and Australian Accounting Standards, thereby providing a true and fair view of its performance and financial position. It was also opined that the financial statements complied with the IFRS requirements. During the year, KPMG also offered various other services (non-audit) in addition to its primary services. These were taxation services, assurance services associated with debt raising transactions, sustainability, compliance with service level agreements, and other due diligence services associated with divestments, capital restructuring, etc. PPE (Property, Plant, and Equipment) is the largest asset owned by the company. Its opening net book value reports at $3,081.9 million while its closing value as at 30th June 2016 reports at $2,872.8 million. Furthermore, such PPE is stated at cost minus impairment losses and depreciation (accumulated). Here, cost involves the purchase price plus costs that can directly be attributed to the acquisition. This can accommodate transfers from other comprehensive gains on qualifying cash flow hedges on the purchase of PPE through foreign currency. Depreciation for PPE of the company is identified on a straight-line basis over its anticipated useful life. This is done after considering the anticipated residual values of these assets. In other words, depreciation of PPE is done from the date these are installed or are ready for utilization. Furthermore, when different parts of PPE have different useful lives, then these are accounted as separate items of the PPE. In relation to financed leased assets, these are depreciated over the shorter of their useful lives and lease period until it is assured that the company can attain the ownership by the termination of the term of the lease. The largest source of revenue of Virgin Australia comes from its airline passenger services. Such revenue refers to revenue from the sale of passenger tickets by the company. It reports at $4,194.8 million as at 30 June 2016 and it identified in loss or profit when the performance of carriage is completed. Furthermore, other ancillary revenue of the company consists of revenue from credit voucher redemption when the carriage is complete, or when it is not anticipated to be redeemed by passengers. It also comprises of revenue from airline services including freight, charter, product, unutilized carriage, and on-board sales (Virgin Australia Group, 2016). The net finance costs increased in 2016, as it reported at $169.6 million, whereas it was $93.2 million in the year 2015. The primary reason behind such increase was weaker Australian Dollar, the introduction of new financing facilities within the company, and increment in the rate of interests by the US Federal Reserve (Virgin Australia Group, 2016). Virgin Australia issued $529.2 million ordinary shares in the year 2016. This is the major reason why the share capital of the company enhanced by $158.8 million, in comparison with the last year. The net cash flow from operating activities reported at $198.5 million in the year 2016 whereas net loss reported at $224.7 million in 2016. The directors of Virgin Australia have not identified any contingent liabilities for 2016. Furthermore, as contingent liabilities arise from past events that can only be confirmed by the happening or non-happening of future events, the company could not recognize any such contingent liabilities. There are several elements of unearned revenue reported by the company as a liability. These unearned revenues comprise of revenues that are received in advance by the company and that has been deferred by it in its statement of financial position for the year until the performance of carriage is completed. These unearned revenues have increased by $51.1 million since 2015 as it reports at $990.4 million in 2016 (Virgin Australia Group, 2016). Furthermore, these revenues also accommodate credit vouchers, revenue from the unearned loyalty program, unearned passenger revenue, etc. References Balbir, S 2016, Do You Own a Volkswagen? Values as Non-Functional Requirements. In Human-Centered and Error-Resilient Systems Development, Springer. Ballou, B., Heitger, D. L. Landes, C. E. 2006, The future of corporate sustainability reporting: A rapidly growing assurance opportunity, Journal of Accountancy, vol. 20, pp. 65-74 Das, S 2013, Cultural Due-diligence for Global Operation: Basic Steps, Vilakshan, The XIMB Journal of Management,vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 12-20. DeVilliers, C Van S. CJ 2011, Where firms choose to disclose voluntary environmental information, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 504- Elson, C.M., Ferrere, C.K. Goossen, N.J 2015, The bug at Volkswagen: Lessons in co-determination, ownership, and board structure, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, vol. 27, no. 4, pp.36-43. Fracarolli N,M. Lee P, C 2016, Caught red-handed: The cost of the Volkswagen Dieselgate, Journal of Global Responsibility, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 22-38 Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Parmar, B. L., De Colle, S 2010, Stakeholder theory, The state of the art, New York: Cambridge University Press Janssen, C.I., 2013, Corporate historical responsibility (CHR): Addressing a corporate past of forced labor at Volkswagen, Journal of Applied Communication Research, vol. 41, no. 1, pp.64-83. Jonsson, S., Greve, H. R., Fujiwara-Greve, T 2009, Undeserved loss: The spread of legitimacy loss to innocent organizations in response to reported corporate deviance, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 54, pp. 195228. Klinger, A 2016, On the Dynamics of IdentityThe Interplay between Volkswagen's Organizational and Consumer Identities in Light of the 2015 Emissions Scandal. Springer International Publishing. Nelson, J.S 2016, The Criminal Bug: Volkswagen's Middle Management, SSRN 2767255. Nzuve S, 2011, Some Thoughts of How to Allocate Indirect Costs in a Corporate Environment, School of Business, University of Nairobi. Suddaby, R., Greenwood, R 2005, Rhetorical strategies of legitimacy, Administrative Science Quarterly vol. 50, pp. 3567. Spence, P 2015, VW emissions scandal: what's it all about?, viewed 7 December 2016, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/11884738/VW-emissions-scandal-whats-it-all-about.html Volkswagen 2015, Volkswagen: Annual report and accounts 2015, viewed 7 December 2016, https://www.volkswagenag.com/presence/startseite/dokumente/Volkswagen_AG_Gesch%C3%A4ftsbericht_en.pdf

Politicization of Climate Change and Polarization - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Politicization of Climate Change and Polarization. Answer: Introduction: Global warming is the change in the earths climate over a period of time. It is characterized by an increase in temperatures. This has mainly been contributed by the human activities all over the world. These activities mostly involve the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide as well as methane. For example, in the recent studies, it has been predicted that the temperatures on the surface may rise from 0.3? to 1.7? in the lowest place scenarios and 2.6? to 4.8? in the highest scenarios ( McCright et al,155). Several human activities that have led to this periodical change in climate and the effect to polar bears are discussed below. The industrial revolution has been using power machines powered by fossil fuels management. This means that everything we use has used fossil fuel at some point. For instance, when we buy a car, the process of coming up with the car involves machines that use fossil fuels resulting to the production of carbon dioxide and monoxide released into the atmosphere (Cox,184). The cars themselves also release carbon into the air from their exhausts (Crowley,270). In agriculture and from animals, there is the emission of methane. It is ranked second worst after carbon dioxide. Bacteria break down organic matter in less oxygen dominated areas to produce methane. Sometimes, this occurs in the bodies of herbivores, yet the population of this animals is the high hence increased amount of the said gas in the atmosphere. Methane clathrate found in the ice`s crystal structure is also another source of methane. When methane escapes the seabed of the Arctic, it greatly contributes to the increase in global warming. Transportation is also a human activity. The increase in human population has led to increasing in demand for many more cars and products consumption. This leads to using more fuel for transportation and manufacturing. This fuel is then emitted to the atmosphere in form of greenhouse gases which have an adverse effect on the climate. Mining also contributes to climate change. Mining is the extraction of minerals from underground. During this process, methane is trapped underneath. Rearing of cattle also leads to trapping of the methane below the earth as it is also released from the manure. This gas leads to the destroying of the ozone layer hence increased temperatures leading to change of climate. The burning of fossil fuels is an activity that lets carbon out into the atmosphere. The carbon is also from industrial activities that include manufacturing of cement and flaring of the natural gas. These fossil fuels are important to the human because they provide energy used for transportation, cooling of buildings, production of electricity, heating and most industrial activities. Oil and coal are mainly used for these purposes. The dramatic increase in emission of gases is mainly occurring due to activities going on in the developing nations like urbanization and industrialization. China is a very good example. Its industrial activities in order to export goods have led to increased emissions from that country (Jacob et al,51). Deforestation is the cutting down of trees without replacement. Cutting of trees is done to produce wood, build, make timber and papers. Logging of trees is not good for the climate because when it happens, the carbon that was being stored by those trees is released into the air. Once it is in the atmosphere, it intermingles with other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. In order to reduce the release of the carbon into the air, activities that are awarded from forest destruction should be avoided. Instead, people need to start preserving the tropical forests so as to maintain the climate change and prevent wiping away of the bio-diversity. Farming includes agricultural activities. These activities provide man with food to eat for survival. Farming also has a positive impact on climate through yielding of carbon in the soil. However, it has negative impacts as well. In this century, chemical fertilizers are being used more. For example, nitrogenous fertilizers that affect the heat of the land on which the crop is planted are used. These nitrogen oxides trap more heat than even carbon oxides. More activities that revolve around farming like the manufacture of the fertilizers, cooling of products management, emissions from tractors, gases from the greenhouses, heating activities and lighting from electricity all contribute to climate change. Climate change has had an adverse effect on polar bears. The polar bears happen to be one of the bio-diversity that has had a great negative impact due to its dependence on sea ice for survival. They live in the Arctic regions of The United States, Norway, Canada, and Russia. Mostly during summer seasons, they happen to be affected due to changes in the oceans forcing them to stay on the mainland or unfavorable polar waters which have led to decline in their numbers. This means that they are facing the risk of extinction from the increasing temperatures twice as fast the world`s average (Harvey,2018). Their dependence on the sea ice makes highly vulnerable to any change in climate. They use the sea environment to travel, mate, hunt, rest and as maternal dens. Their prey, the bearded seals, are also sea ice-dependent. They feed on the seals from which they get the two-thirds of their energy for their use in the early summer and late spring. With the current change in climate, summer comes earlier and winters late hence they are unable to hunt for long making them go without food for a long time. This leads to decline in their bodies and lightweight in the female adult bears. Few cubs are able to survive. This change will make the polar bears food-stressed. The increased temperatures cause contamination and increase exposure to diseases. Sometimes the dens collapse from warm weather. These dens are where the female bears give birth and protect the new-born cubs. Polar bears have a long life expectancy and low rate of reproduction making them to nearly not adapt to new climate changes (Dey et al,94). Polar bears don`t respond the same to the change in sea ice. Other human factors like hunting, activities involving oil and gas, shipping and tourism have led to a reduction in the population of the polar bears. The polar bears currently declining in the population are those of Baffin Bay, Kane Basin, and the Beaufort Sea. Though those stable regardless of the climate change for 12 years up to 2015 are those of Davis Strait, Foxe Basin, Gulf of Boothia, Northern Beaufort Sea, Southern Hudson Bay and Western Hudson Bay. The remaining sea ice should be conserved in order to protect these creatures. This is through reduction of greenhouse gases and stabilization of the sea ice in the Arctic leading to the long survival of the polar bears (Rode et al,2018) In conclusion, it is good for people to be more involved in activities that help protect the biodiversity at large. Just to name a few, for example, if a tree is cut, another one should be planted to replace the other one hence controlling the release of carbon from deforestation. New methods of production and manufacturing and equipment that dont involve releasing of hazardous gases to the environment should be invented. More friendly fertilizers in farming should be utilized. Investment in appliances that are energy efficient should be a major plan in order to reduce emissions. Water wastage should be reduced because too much water is used to treat it, heat or pump the water leading to carbon pollution. The will to preserve climate should be inculcated in everyone so that further damage to the ozone layer that has been affected leading to increased climate change is curbed. Work cited Cox, Peter M., et al. "Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model." Nature 408.6809 (2000): 184-7.Berkshire:Hadley Centre,2000.Print. Crowley, Thomas J. "Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years." Science 289.5477 (2000): 270-277.Oceanography Dept., Texas A M U,web.n.d. Dey, Cody J., et al. "Forecasting the outcome of multiple effects of climate change on northern common eiders." Biological Conservation 220 (2018): 94-103. Ontario: the web.21 March. Harvey, Jeffrey A., et al. "Corrigendum: Internet Blogs, Polar Bears, and Climate-Change Denial by Proxy." Neurosurgery (2018).ResearchGate GmbH.Web.25 Nov.2017. Jacob, Daniel J., and Darrell A. Winner. "Effect of climate change on air quality." Atmospheric Environment 43.1 (2009): 51-63. Elsevier Ltd,n.d.Web.Jan.2009. McCright, Aaron M., and Riley E. Dunlap. "The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American public's views of global warming, 20012010." The Sociological Quarterly 52.2 (2011): 155-194.Elsevier B.V. Web.March.2011. Rode, Karyn D., et al. "Den phenology and reproductive success of polar bears in a changing climate." Journal of Mammalogy (2018).New York:Oxford University Press,2018.Print.